In those languages, OVS is fairly often used when the object is already marked as the topic of a discourse, and new information is added about the object. Some languages like Swedish and Norwegian normally lack extensive case marking but allow such structures when pronouns, which are marked for case, are involved or when the roles are clear from context.
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OVS languages have a sequence of the constituents that is object–verb–subject such as Äiwoo, Guarijio, Hixkaryana, Urarina, the constructed language Klingon, and to some extent Tapirapé.Īlthough not dominant, OVS may be used when the object is stressed in languages that have a relatively free word order because of case marking such as Classical Arabic, Romanian, Croatian, Basque, Esperanto, Hungarian, Finnish, Russian, and to some extent German and Dutch. OVS is a class of languages that is used to classify languages according to the dominant sequence of their constituents. Rare examples of valid if idiomatic English use of OVS typology are the poetic hyperbaton "Answer gave he none" and "What say you?" Those examples are, however, highly unusual and not typical of modern spoken English. OVS sentences in English may be parsed if relating an adjective to a noun ("cold is Alaska") although cold is a predicative adjective, not an object. However, the oranges become the subject of the verb, were eaten, which is modified by the prepositional phrase, by Sam, which expresses the agent, and so the usual subject–verb–(object) order is maintained. In the passive voice, The oranges were eaten by Sam, the order is reversed and so that patient is followed by the verb and then the agent. In an active voice sentence like Sam ate the oranges, the grammatical subject, Sam, is the agent and is acting on the patient, the oranges, which are the object of the verb, ate.
The passive voice in English may appear to be in the OVS order, but that is not an accurate description. OVS denotes the sequence object– verb– subject in unmarked expressions: Oranges ate Sam, Thorns have roses. In linguistic typology, object–verb–subject ( OVS) or object–verb–agent ( OVA) is a rare permutation of word order. ( June 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations.
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